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In July 1733 the founders of Congregation Mickve Israel, the South's oldest Jewish congregation, arrived in Savannah. The Battle of Bloody Marsh, a skirmish between English and Spanish forces on St. Simons Island, took place in 1742. Following its defeat in the Revolutionary War, the British army left Savannah on July 11, 1782. In higher education, Wesleyan College in Macon, the first degree-granting women's college in the world, graduated its inaugural class in July 1840. The Georgia Military Institute opened in Marietta in July 1851 and remained open through the end of the Civil War. In 1873 Thomasville native Henry O. Flipper enrolled in the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, later becoming the first African American to graduate from that institution. And on July 16, 1914, Asa Candler, former president of the Coca-Cola Company, offered a gift of $1 million to open a new Methodist college. This donation led to the creation of what would become Emory University in Atlanta. During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta took place on July 22, 1864. That same month Union general William T. Sherman ordered approximately 400 mill workers, mostly women, in Roswell to be arrested as traitors and shipped with their children as prisoners to the North. On July 20, 1869, the Atlanta Constitution published the first Uncle Remus story by Joel Chandler Harris. More than a century later, Celestine Sibley's final column for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution ran on July 25, 1999. Mormon missionary Joseph Standing was murdered in Whitfield County on July 21, 1879, while traveling to a church conference. One of the most notorious trials in Georgia history began on July 28, 1913, when Leo Frank was charged in Fulton County Superior Court with the first-degree murder of thirteen-year-old Mary Phagan. On July 6, 1889, Elberton was christened the "Granite City" by the Elberton Star newspaper for its role in the granite industry. In 1906 the state legislature proposed and approved an amendment to the constitution creating the Court of Appeals of Georgia. The state's present constitution went into effect in 1983. Souther Field, the site of aviator Charles Lindbergh's first solo flight, was built in Sumter County in July 1918, during World War I. In sports, golfing great Bobby Jones won the U.S. Open in July 1930, on his way to becoming the first golfer to claim a Grand Slam. The Atlanta International Raceway (later Atlanta Motor Speedway) hosted its first race on July 31, 1960. Hank Aaron, hitting his 755th and final home run, set the all-time record for career home runs on July 20, 1976 Communist organizer Angelo Herndon was arrested in 1932 on charges of attempting to incite an insurrection in Atlanta. In July 1936 Margaret Mitchell sold the movie rights to Gone With the Wind for $50,000, an unprecedented sum for a first novel. On July 4, 1944, Primus E. King challenged the white primary system in Georgia by attempting to vote at the Muscogee County Courthouse in Columbus. The Albany Movement to protest segregation in that city began with marches against the Martin Theater in July 1963. The following year Martin Luther King Jr. attended the July 2 signing ceremony for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 at the White House, and a little more than thirteen years later U.S. president Jimmy Carter awarded King the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta was established on July 1, 1946. The Georiga Agrirama (later the Georgia Museum of Agriculture and Historic Village) opened in Tifton on July 1, 1976, and the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base at St. Marys was commissioned two years later. In 1986 the first Goodwill Games, sponsored by Ted Turner, began in Moscow, Russia. On July 10, 1993, the groundbreaking ceremony for Centennial Olympic Stadium took place in Atlanta, where the 1996 Olympic Games would commence three years and nine days later. The Flint River overflowed its banks in July 1994, when tropical storm Alberto stalled over western Georgia. In 1999 Alton Brown's television cooking program Good Eats premiered on the Food Network. Events held around the state in July include the Peachtree Road Race in Atlanta on Independence Day and the Georgia Mountain Fair in Hiawassee . Born this month in Georgia history: politicians Oliver H. Prince (1782), Nelson Tift (1810), Robert Toombs (1810), and Culver Kidd (1914); governors Charles McDonald (1793), William J. Northen (1835), Hugh M. Dorsey (1871), Clifford Walker (1877), and Ernest Vandiver Jr. (1918); religious figures Patrick Hues Mell (1814), E. K. Love (1850), Charles McCartney ("Goat Man"; 1901), and Clarence Jordan (1912); judges Logan Bleckley (1827) and Elbert Parr Tuttle (1897); businessmen Joel Hurt (1850) and James H. Blanchard (1941); Confederate memorialist Mildred Lewis Rutherford (1851); philanthropist George Foster Peabody (1852); writers Will Harben (1858), Olive Ann Burns (1924), Greg Johnson (1953), and Margaret Edson (1961); civil rights advocates Walter White (1893), Slater King (1927), Horace T. Ward (1927), Leroy Johnson (1928), Hamilton Holmes (1941), and Earl T. Shinhoster (1950); landscape architect William C. Pauley (1893); artists Alexander Brook (1898), Nellie Mae Rowe (1900), Ben Shute (1905), St. EOM (1908), and R. A. Miller (1912); architect Ellamae Ellis League (1899); musicians "Georgia Tom" Dorsey (1899), Mattiwilda Dobbs (1925), Francine Reed (1947), and Emily Saliers of the Indigo Girls (1963); journalist Walter J. Brown (1903); historian Edward J. Cashin (1927); educator Jean Childs Young (1933); and television personality Alton Brown (1962).
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